What is a Differential?​

A car's differential is a critical mechanical component responsible for transmitting torque from the driveshaft to the vehicle’s drive wheels. Unlike the transmission, which is part of the drivetrain that manages overall power distribution, the differential is an integral part of the axle assembly. It connects to the transmission via the driveshaft and functions independently to manage wheel speed during turns.

The term "differential" refers to the mechanism that allows the wheels of a vehicle to rotate at different speeds, especially during cornering. For instance, when a vehicle turns, the outer wheel must travel a greater distance than the inner wheel, necessitating a difference in wheel speed. The differential accommodates this variation, ensuring smooth and efficient turns. Vehicles equipped with all-wheel drive typically have two differentials—one at the front and one at the rear.

​

How Does a Car Differential Work?

A car's differential comprises several key components, including the ring gear, pinion gear, and carrier assembly. The pinion gear engages with the ring gear, causing it to rotate. This rotation drives the carrier assembly, which houses smaller gears known as spider gears. As the carrier rotates, the spider gears engage with the side gears, ultimately driving the vehicle’s wheels. Regular inspection of the differential by a qualified mechanic, particularly during routine maintenance, is essential to ensure it operates correctly and efficiently.

​

Recognizing the Symptoms of a Failing Differential

Understanding the symptoms of a failing differential has the potential to save you money down the road. If you notice any of the following signs, it’s important to bring your vehicle to differential shop, like Differentials Plus right away. If you catch it early on you can avoid damage to the gears and carrier in most cases. Symptoms that may indicate a compromised differential include:

​

• Grinding noises from the gears

• Oil leaks from the center section or the axle seals (near the wheels)

• Whining noises

• Driveshaft vibration during acceleration

• Difficulty handling turns

• Unusual tire wear on the sidewall or outer treads

​

The Risks of Driving with a Damaged Differential

Although it’s possible to drive with a damaged differential, it is not advisable. Delaying repairs can lead to further damage to other components of your vehicle, potentially turning a minor issue into a costly repair. Additionally, a broken differential can significantly impair your vehicle’s handling, increasing the risk of losing control. To ensure your safety and prevent further damage, schedule an appointment at Differentials Plus as soon as you suspect any issues with your front or rear differential.